{"id":30639,"date":"2022-03-22T19:38:55","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T18:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/controverses-groupe3.mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/?page_id=30639"},"modified":"2022-03-23T20:30:10","modified_gmt":"2022-03-23T19:30:10","slug":"aurait-on-pu-faire-autrement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/aurait-on-pu-faire-autrement\/","title":{"rendered":"Aurait-on pu faire autrement ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ next_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#f0fbff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb72px||99px|||\u00a0\u00bb bottom_divider_style=\u00a0\u00bbslant2″ bottom_divider_flip=\u00a0\u00bbhorizontal\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||43px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bbCabin||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

LE CONTACT TRACING,<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

CE N’EST PAS QU’EN FRANCE !<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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En f\u00e9vrier et mars 2020, la Chine, la Cor\u00e9e du Sud et Ta\u00efwan qui ont subi l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie avant l’Europe, prennent la d\u00e9cision d’utiliser des outils num\u00e9riques ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es des smartphones. Ils mettent alors en place des applications mobiles de recherche de contacts comme compl\u00e9ment aux mesures sanitaires. Les gouvernements de plusieurs pays europ\u00e9ens tels que la France, le Portugal, l\u2019Espagne, l\u2019Italie ou encore la Finlande vont alors opter pour la m\u00eame solution afin de surveiller la pand\u00e9mie dans un premier temps, et tenter d\u2019y mettre fin dans un second temps.\u00a0<\/span>Seulement 8 pays europ\u00e9ens sur 27 n\u2019ont pas adopt\u00e9 ce projet de contact tracing.\u00a0<\/span>Toutefois, soucieux du respect du droit \u00e0 la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles et de la vie priv\u00e9e, le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais a choisi d’\u00e9laborer son application sur la base du protcole ROBERT. Sur ce m\u00eame mod\u00e8le, Singapour a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 le protocole BlueTrace pour son application Trace Together, mise \u00e0 disposition le 20 mars 2020, suivie de l\u2019Australie et Hongkong.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/logo.png\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb82%\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb62px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb animation_style=\u00a0\u00bbslide\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Surveillance.png\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb70%\u00a0\u00bb animation_style=\u00a0\u00bbslide\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bbCabin||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#03506f\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbCabin||||||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

DES MESURES PLUS DRASTIQUES<\/span><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00a0\u00bb#03506f\u00a0\u00bb divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb87%\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||24px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bbABeeZee||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#03506f\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Certains pays comme la Russie et la Cor\u00e9e du Sud vont au-del\u00e0 en mettant en place des solutions bien plus intrusives et qui ne de<\/span>mandent pas le consentement des individus. Le dispositif mobile chinois de tracing des cas contacts consiste par exemple en une plateforme aliment\u00e9e par des donn\u00e9es fournies par diverses organisations sans le consentement des citoyens (donn\u00e9es de vid\u00e9osurveillance, donn\u00e9es bancaires, etc.). Des \u00e9quipements tr\u00e8s intrusifs de reconnaissance faciale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s dans les espaces publics en Chine, en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, ou encore en Russie…<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#f0fbff\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb45px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.5″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bbCabin||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

ET POURTANT, IL EXISTE D’AUTRES SOLUTIONS<\/span><\/h2>\n

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En opposition \u00e0 ce syst\u00e8me, Google et Apple ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 Exposure Notification, une solution de contact tracing d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e, bas\u00e9e sur le protocole DP-3T. Exposure Notification est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une interface de programmation (API) contenant des fonctionnalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies qui ont la capacit\u00e9 de s\u2019int\u00e9grer dans les diff\u00e9rentes applications nationales. Ce n\u2019est donc pas une application \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re comme TousAntiCovid. Ici, les identifiants des personnes positives sont envoy\u00e9s par le serveur directement sur les smartphones des cas contacts. Le serveur n\u2019a donc pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019historique des expositions, contrairement au protocole ROBERT. L\u2019Allemagne a opt\u00e9 pour cette solution en la mettant \u00e0 disposition de la population le 26 avril 2020, suivie de pr\u00e8s par l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Italie. Le Royaume-Uni qui avait d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une application bas\u00e9e sur un syst\u00e8me centralis\u00e9 similaire \u00e0 la France a finalement retourn\u00e9 sa veste pour se diriger vers la technologie Apple-Google. La majorit\u00e9 des pays du monde a ainsi choisi d\u2019adopter cette solution, par sa simplicit\u00e9 et sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de la France et la Hongrie dans l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bien que les solutions \u201ccentralis\u00e9e\u201d et \u201cd\u00e9centralis\u00e9e\u201d permettent un niveau de protection des donn\u00e9es similaire, la technologie Apple-Google pr\u00e9serve tout de m\u00eame mieux les donn\u00e9es puisque les donn\u00e9es restent stock\u00e9es dans le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone.<\/span><\/p>\n

La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du protocole centralis\u00e9 ROBERT a fait l\u2019objet de davantage de critiques que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du protocole d\u00e9centralis\u00e9 DP-3T<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Si le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais avait opt\u00e9 pour le protocole d\u00e9centralis\u00e9, la controverse aurait-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 autrement ?<\/span><\/p>\n

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LE CONTACT TRACING, CE N’EST PAS QU’EN FRANCE !En f\u00e9vrier et mars 2020, la Chine, la Cor\u00e9e du Sud et Ta\u00efwan qui ont subi l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie avant l’Europe, prennent la d\u00e9cision d’utiliser des outils num\u00e9riques ax\u00e9s sur l\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es des smartphones. Ils mettent alors en place des applications mobiles de recherche de contacts comme compl\u00e9ment […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-30639","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30639"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30859,"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30639\/revisions\/30859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mastercommunicationnumerique.fr\/2021-2022\/groupe3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}